Everything about Ludwig Gumplowicz totally explained
Ludwig Gumplowicz, born
March 9 1838 in
Kraków, then a republic, now part of
Poland, died
August 19 1909 in
Graz,
Austria, was one of the founders of European
sociology. He was also a
jurist and
political scientist who taught
constitutional and
administrative law at the
University of Graz.
Life
Gumplowicz studied law in Kraków, then became a lawyer and
publicist there. In
1875 he began teaching
administration in Graz; in
1882 he became an
associate professor, and in
1893 a full professor. In
1909 he committed suicide along with his wife after he'd become ill with
cancer.
Works and influence
Gumplowicz became interested in the problem of suppressed ethnic groups very early, being from a
Jewish family and coming from Kraków, a city of the former
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which was first
partitioned and later as the
Free City of Kraków annexed by
Austria-Hungary. He was a lifelong advocate of
minorities in the
Habsburg Empire, in particular the
Slavic speakers.
Gumplowicz soon became interested in the later form of
sociology of conflict, starting out from the idea of the
group (then known as
race). He saw the
state as an institution which served various controlling
elites at different times. In analysis, he leaned towards
macrosociology, predicting that if the minorities of a state became socially integrated, they'd break out in war. In his
1909 publication,
Der Rassenkampf (Struggle of the Races) he foresaw world war. During his life he was considered a
Social Darwinist.
His political beliefs and his polemic character attracted many Polish and
Italian students, making his theories important in Poland, Italy and other crown states (today
Croatia,
Czech Republic). But the fact that he published his works in
German meant that he was also an important figure in German-speaking countries.
Gustav Ratzenhofer was the most prominent of those influenced by him.
Grumplowicz had another disciple in
Manuel González Prada. Prada lived in Peru and found Grumplowicz’s theories on ethnic conflict useful for understanding not only the Spanish conquest of Quechua peoples during the sixteenth century but also how the descendents of the Spanish (and other European immigrants) continued to subordinate the indigenous peoples. Most striking in this regard is González Prada’s essay "Our Indians" included in his
Horas de lucha after 1924.
Further Information
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